Casting is a fundamental manufacturing process where molten material, typically metal or plastic, is poured into a mold and allowed to solidify into a specific shape. Widely used in industries such as automotive, aerospace, and machinery, casting enables the production of complex and precise components with excellent mechanical properties. Common casting methods include sand casting, die casting, investment casting, and centrifugal casting. This versatile process offers cost-effective mass production, design flexibility, and the ability to create parts with intricate geometries that would be difficult or impossible to achieve with other manufacturing techniques.